STRIDE Literature

Initial STRIDE Readings (last updated: July 2021)

Overview of Inequalities in Academia and STEM Impacting Women

Espinosa, Lorelle. Jonathan M. Turk, Morgan Taylor, and Hollie M. Chessman. 2019. Race and Ethnicity in Higher Education: A Status Report. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education.

***Useful resource to provide a look at disparities from college access to faculty positions.

Hofstra, Bas, et al. 2020. The Diversity-Innovation Paradox in Science. PNAS 117, 17: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915378117

Riegel-Crumb, C., King, B. and Irizarry, Y. (2019). Does STEM Stand Out? Examining Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Persistence Across Postsecondary Fields. Educational Researcher, 48(3), 133-144.

Shaw, A. K., & Stanton, D. E. (2012). Leaks in the pipeline: separating demographic inertia from ongoing gender differences in academia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 279(1743), 3736–3741.

Sheltzer, J. M., & Smith, J. C. (2014). Elite male faculty in the life sciences employ fewer women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(28), 10107–10112.

Readings on Intersecting Biases and Unequal Experiences and Outcomes

Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2003). Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. American Economic Review, 94(1), 991–1013.

Chesler, M. A., & Young, A. A. (2013). Faculty identities and the challenge of diversity: reflections on teaching in higher education. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Correll, S., Benard, S., & Paik, I. (2007). Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology 112(5), 1297–1338.

El-Alayli, A., Hansen-Brown, A. A., & Ceynar, M. (2018). Dancing backwards in high heels: Female professors experience more work demands and special favor requests, particularly from academically entitled students. Sex Roles, 79(3-4), 136-150.

Fiske, S. T. (2002). What we know about bias and intergroup conflict, the problem of the century. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(4), 123–128.

Ginther, D. K., Schaffer, W. T., Schnell, J., Masimore, B., Liu, F., Haak, L. L., & Kington, R. (2011). Race, ethnicity, and NIH research awards. Science, 333(6045), 1015–1019.

Gutiérrez y Muhs, G., Niemann, Y. F., González, C. G., & Harris, A. P. (Eds.). (2012). Presumed incompetent: The intersections of race and class for women in academia. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.

Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women’s ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 657–674.

Heilman, M. E., & Okimoto, T. G. (2007). Why are women penalized for success at male tasks?: The implied communality deficit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 81–92.

Helmer, M., Schottdorf, M., Neef, A., & Battaglia, D. (2017). Gender bias in scholarly peer review. eLife, 6, e21718.

Kang, S. K., DeCelles, K. A., Tilcsik, A., & Jun, S. (2016). Whitened résumés: Race and self-presentation in the labor market. Administrative Science Quarterly, 61(3), 469–502.

McGee, Ebony O. 2020. Black, Brown, Bruised: How Racialized STEM Education Stifles Innovation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

Misra, Joya, Alexandra Kuvaeva, Kerryann O’Meara, Dawn K. Culpepper, and Audrey Jaeger. 2021. “Gendered and Racialized Perceptions of Faculty Workloads. Gender & Society 35(3): 358-394.

Moss-Racusin, C. A., Dovidio, J. F., Brescoll, V. A., Graham, M. J., & Handelsman, J. (2012). Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(41), 16474–16479.

Niemann, Yolanda F., Gabriella Gutiérrez y Muhs, Carmen G. González, & Angela P. Harris. (2020). Presumed Incompetent II: Race, Class, Power, and Resistance of Women in Academia. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.

Oreopoulos, P. (2011). Why do skilled immigrants struggle in the labor market? A field experiment with thirteen thousand resumes. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3(4), 148–171.

Pedulla, David S. 2014. “The Positive Consequences of Negative Stereotypes: Race, Sexual Orientation, and the Job Application Process.” Social Psychology Quarterly 77(1):75-94.

Phelan, J. E., Moss-Racusin, C. A., & Rudman, L. A. (2008). Competent yet out in the cold: Shifting criteria for hiring reflect backlash toward agentic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(4), 406–413.

Posselt, Julie. 2020. Equity in Science: Representation, Culture, and the Dynamics of Change in Graduate Education. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Rivera, L. A. (2017). When two bodies are (not) a problem: Gender and relationship status discrimination in academic hiring. American Sociological Review, 82(6), 1111–1138.

Rivera, L.A. and Tilcsik, A. (2019). Scaling down inequality: Rating scales, gender bias, and the architecture of evaluation. American Sociological Review

Rosette, A. S., Leonardelli, G. J., Phillips, K. W. (2008). The White standard: Racial bias in leader categorization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 758–776.

Schiebinger, L. L., Henderson, A. D., & Gilmartin, S. K. (2008). Dual-Career Academic Couples: What Universities Need to Know (pp. 1–98). Stanford, CA: The Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research.

Sekaquaptewa, D. (2014). On being the solo faculty member of color: Research evidence from field and laboratory studies. In S. A. Fryberg & E. J. Martinez (Eds.), The truly diverse faculty: New dialogues in American higher education (future of Minority Studies) (pp. 99–124). New York, NY: St. Martins Press LLC.

Shih, M., Pittinsky, T. L., & Ambady, N. (1999). Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and shifts in quantitative performance. Psychological Science, 10(1), 80–83.

Sommers, S. (2006). On racial diversity and group decision making: Identifying multiple effects of racial composition on jury deliberations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(4), 597–612.

Steele, C. M. (2010). Whistling Vivaldi: How stereotypes affect us and what we can do. New York, NY: WW Norton & Co.

Tilcsik, A. (2011). Pride and Prejudice: Employment Discrimination against Openly Gay Men in the United States. American Journal of Sociology 117(2), 586–626.

Weichselbaumer, D. (2003). Sexual orientation discrimination in hiring. Labour Economics, 10, 629–642.

Evaluations of Applicant Materials

Clauset, A., Arbesman, S., & Larremore, D. B. (2015). Systematic inequality and hierarchy in faculty hiring networks. Science advances, 1(1), e1400005. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1400005

Dotson, K. (2013). How is this paper philosophy?. Comparative Philosophy, 3(1). doi: 10.31979/2151-6014(2012).030105

Dutt, K., Pfaff, D. L., Bernstein, A. F., Dillard, J. S., & Block, C. J. (2016). Gender differences in recommendation letters for postdoctoral fellowships in geoscience. Nature Geoscience, 9(11), 805.

Eaton, A. A., Saunders, J. F., Jacobson, R. K., & West, K. (2019). How Gender and Race Stereotypes Impact the Advancement of Scholars in STEM: Professors’ Biased Evaluations of Physics and Biology Post-Doctoral Candidates. Sex Roles, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11199-019-01052-w

Gaddis, S. Michael. 2015. Discrimination in the Credential Society: An Audit Study of Race and College Selectivity in the Labor Market. Social Forces 93(4): 1451-1479.

Lincoln, A. E., Pincus, S., Koster, J. B., & Leboy, P. S. (2012). The Matilda Effect in science: Awards and prizes in the US, 1990s and 2000s. Social studies of science, 42(2), 307–320.

Madera, J. M., Hebl, M. R., Dial, H., Martin, R., & Valian, V. (2018). Raising Doubt in Letters of Recommendation for Academia: Gender Differences and Their Impact. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-17.

MacNell, L., Driscoll, A., & Hunt, A. N. (2015). What’s in a name: Exposing gender bias in student ratings of teaching. Innovative Higher Education, 40(4), 291–303.

Merton, R. K. (1948). The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy. Antioch Review, 8, 193–210.

Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew effect in science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered. Science, 159(3810), 56-63.

Moore, E. Z. (2017). Differences in words used to describe racial and gender groups in medical student performance evaluations. PloS one, 12(8).

Ross, D. A., Boatright, D., Nunez-Smith, M., Jordan, A., Chekroud, A., & Moore, E. Z. (2017). Differences in words used to describe racial and gender groups in medical student performance evaluations. PloS one, 12(8).

Schmader, T., Whitehead, J., & Wysocki, V. H. (2007). A linguistic comparison of letters of recommendation for male and female chemistry and biochemistry job applicants. Sex Roles, 57(7-8), 509–514.

Steinpreis, R. E., Anders, K. A., & Ritzke, D. (1999). The impact of gender on the review of the curricula vitae of job applicants and tenure candidates: A national empirical study. Sex Roles, 41(7/8), 509–528.

Storage, D., Horne, Z., Cimpian, A., & Leslie, S. J. (2016). The frequency of “brilliant” and “genius” in teaching evaluations predicts the representation of women and African Americans across fields. PloS one, 11(3).

Trix, F. & Psenka, C. (2003). Exploring the color of glass: letters of recommendation for female and male medical faculty. Discourse & Society, 14(2), 191–220.

Way, S. F., Morgan, A. C., Larremore, D. B., & Clauset, A. (2019). Productivity, prominence, and the effects of academic environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(22), 10729-10733.

Strategies for Improvement

Bauer, C. C., & Baltes, B. B. (2002). Reducing the effects of gender stereotypes on performance evaluations. Sex Roles, 47(9-10), 465–476.

Cox, W. T., & Devine, P. G. (2019). The prejudice habit-breaking intervention. In R. K. Mallet & M. J. Monteith (Eds.), Confronting Prejudice and Discrimination (pp. 249-274). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814715-3.00015-1

Goldin, C., & Rouse, C. (2000). Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of “blind” auditions on female musicians. American Economic Review, 90(4), 715–741.

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Latu, I. M., Mast, M. S., Lammers, J., & Bombari, D. (2013). Successful female leaders empower women’s behavior in leadership tasks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(3), 444–448.

McNair, Tia B., Estela M. Bensimon, and Lindsey Malcom-Piqueux. 2020. From Equity Talk to Equity Walk: Expanding Practitioner Knowledge for Racial Justice in Higher Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Morimoto, S. A., Zajicek, A. M., Hunt, V. H. and Lisnic, R. (2013). Beyond binders full of women: NSF ADVANCE and initiatives for institutional transformation. Sociological Spectrum, 33(5), 397-415.

Sekaquaptewa, D., Takahashi, K., Malley, J., Herzog, K., Bliss, S. (2019) An evidence-based faculty recruitment workshop influences departmental hiring practice perceptions among university faculty. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 38 (2), 188-210.

Sensoy, Ö., & DiAngelo, R. (2017). “We are all for diversity, but…”: How faculty hiring committees reproduce Whiteness and practical suggestions for how they can change. Harvard Educational Review, 87(4), 557–580.

Sue, D. W., Alsaidi, S., Awad, M. N., Glaeser, E., Calle, C. Z., & Mendez, N. (2019). Disarming racial microaggressions: Microintervention strategies for targets, White allies, and bystanders. American Psychologist, 74(1), 128-142. doi:10.1037/amp0000296

Stacy, A., Goulden, M., Frasch, K., & Broughton, J. (2018). Searching for a Diverse Faculty: Data-Driven Recommendations (pp. 1-54, Rep.). Berkeley, CA: University of California.

Stewart, A. J., Malley, J. E., & Herzog, K. A. (2016). Increasing the representation of women faculty in STEM departments: What makes a difference?. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 22(1), 23–47.

Stewart, A. J., & Valian, V. (2018). An inclusive academy: Achieving diversity and excellence. MIT Press.

Terrell, J., Kofink, A., Middleton, J., Rainear, C., Murphy-Hill, E., Parnin, C., & Stallings, J. (2017). Gender differences and bias in open source: Pull request acceptance of women versus men. PeerJ Computer Science, 3, e111.

Turner, C. S. V. (2002). Diversifying the faculty: A guidebook for search committees. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities.

Wylie, A., Jakobsen, J. R. and Fosado, G. (2007). Women, work and the academy: Strategies for responding to “post-civil rights era” gender discrimination, New Feminist Solutions. New York: Barnard Center for Research on Women.