Recent Publications from Our Team

2024 - 2023 - 2022 - 2021 - 2020 - 2019

2024

Anderson, L. B., Ness, H. D., Holm, R. H., & Smith, T. (2024). Wastewater-Informed Digital Advertising as a COVID-19 Geotargeted Neighborhood Intervention: Jefferson County, Kentucky, 2021–2022. American Journal of Public Health, 114(1), 34-37.

Chigwechokha, P., Nyirenda, R. L., Dalitsani, D., Namaumbo, R. L., Kazembe, Y., Smith, T., & Holm, R. H. (2024). Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella Typhi culture-based wastewater or non-sewered sanitation surveillance in a resource-limited region. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 1-8.

Darracq, A. K., Bliznick, C., Yeager, R., Turner, J., Pease, J., Whiteman, H., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2024). Drivers of Bird Communities in an Urban Neighborhood Vary by Scale. bioRxiv, 2024-01.

Hodge, B., & Holm, R. H. (2024). Where Does Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Fall in Medical Student Education?. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 11, 23821205241252069.

Holm, R. H., Rempala, G. A., Choi, B., Brick, J. M., Amraotkar, A. R., Keith, R. J., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2024). Dynamic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance model combining seroprevalence and wastewater concentrations for post-vaccine disease burden estimates. Communications Medicine, 4(1), 70.

Keck, J. W., Adatorwovor, R., Liversedge, M., Mijotavich, B., Olsson, C., Strike, W. D., ... & Berry, S. M. (2024). Wastewater Surveillance for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities, Kentucky, USA, 2021–2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 30(3), 530.

Klaassen, F., Holm, R. H., Smith, T., Cohen, T., Bhatnagar, A., & Menzies, N. A. (2024). Predictive power of wastewater for nowcasting infectious disease transmission: a retrospective case study of five sewershed areas in Louisville, Kentucky. Environmental Research, 240, 117395.

Marin-Ramirez, A., Mahoney, T., Smith, T., & Holm, R. H. (2024). Predicting wastewater treatment plant influent in mixed, separate, and combined sewers using nearby surface water discharge for better wastewater-based epidemiology sampling design. Science of The Total Environment, 906, 167375.

2023

Adhikari, S., Kumar, R., Driver, E. M., Bowes, D. A., Ng, K. T., Sosa-Hernandez, J. E., ... & Halden, R. U. (2023). Occurrence of Z-drugs, benzodiazepines, and ketamine in wastewater in the United States and Mexico during the Covid-19 pandemic. Science of The Total Environment, 857, 159351.

Anderson, L. B., Kanneganti, D., Houk, M. B., Holm, R. H., & Smith, T. (2023). Generative AI as a tool for environmental health research translation. Geohealth, 7(7), e2023GH000875.

Basner, M., Smith, M. G., Jones, C. W., Ecker, A. J., Howard, K., Schneller, V., ... & Keith, R. J. (2023). Associations of bedroom PM2. 5, CO2, temperature, humidity, and noise with sleep: An observational actigraphy study. Sleep Health, 9(3), 253-263.

Bhatnagar, A., Keith, R., Yeager, R., Riggs, D., Sears, C., Bucknum, B., ... & Rai, S. (2023). The Green Heart Project: Objectives, Design, and Methods. medRxiv.

Cai, L., Holm, R. H., Biddle, D. J., Zhang, C. H., Talley, D., Smith, T., & States, J. C. (2023). Wastewater-based epidemiology for comprehensive communitywide exposome surveillance: A gradient of metals exposure. medRxiv.

Chigwechokha, P., Street, R., & Holm, R. H. (2022). Advancing the use of fecal sludge for timelier and better-quality epidemiological data in low-and middle-income countries for pandemic prevention. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(46), 17665-17666.

Han, D., Linares, P., Holm, R. H., Chandran, K., & Smith, T. R. (2023). Projections of wastewater as an indicator of COVID-19 cases in corrections facilities: a modelling study. medRxiv, 2023-10.

Holm, R. H., Chigwechokha, P., Kinnear, C., Winters, A., & Street, R. (2023). Promoting Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving to Wastewater and Environmental Genomic Surveillance Requires More Attention. ACS ES&T Water, 3(8), 1994-1996.

Holm, R. H., Nyirenda, R., Smith, T., & Chigwechokha, P. (2023). Addressing the challenges of establishing quality wastewater or non-sewered sanitation-based surveillance, including laboratory and epidemiological considerations, in Malawi. BMJ Global Health, 8(11), e013307.

Holm, R. H., Osborne Jelks, N. T., Schneider, R., & Smith, T. (2023). Beyond COVID-19: designing inclusive public health surveillance by including wastewater monitoring. Health Equity, 7(1), 377-379.

Holm, R. H., Pocock, G., Severson, M. A., Huber, V. C., Smith, T., & McFadden, L. M. (2023). Using wastewater to overcome health disparities among rural residents. Geoforum, 144, 103816.

Holm, R. H., Rempala, G. A., Choi, B., Brick, J. M., Amraotkar, A. R., Keith, R. J., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2023). Wastewater and seroprevalence for pandemic preparedness: variant analysis, vaccination effect, and hospitalization forecasting for SARS-CoV-2, in Jefferson County, Kentucky. medRxiv.

Keck, J. W., Lindner, J., Liversedge, M., Mijatovic, B., Olsson, C., Strike, W., ... & Berry, S. M. (2023). Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 at Long-Term Care Facilities: Mixed Methods Evaluation. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 9(1), e44657.

Keith, R. J., Holm, R. H., Amraotkar, A. R., Bezold, M. M., Brick, J. M., Bushau-Sprinkle, A. M., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2023). Stratified simple random sampling versus volunteer community-wide sampling for estimates of COVID-19 prevalence. American Journal of Public Health, 113(7), 768-777.

Keshaviah, A., Diamond, M. B., Wade, M. J., Scarpino, S. V., Ahmed, W., Amman, F., ... & Sato, M. I. Z. (2023). Wastewater monitoring can anchor global disease surveillance systems. The Lancet Global Health, 11(6), e976-e981.

LaJoie, A. S., Holm, R. H., Anderson, L., Ness, H., & Smith, T. R. (2023). Tracking national opinion about wastewater monitoring as a standard complement of public health tools in the United States. medRxiv, 2023-06.

Naughton, C. C., Holm, R. H., Lin, N. J., James, B. P., & Smith, T. (2023). Online dashboards for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater data need standard best practices: an environmental health communication agenda. Journal of water and health, 21(5), 615-624.

Smith, S. K., Risk, B. B., Holm, R. H., Tilley, E., Chigwechokha, P., Capone, D., ... & de los Reyes III, F. L. (2023). Microbial community function and bacterial pathogen composition in pit latrines in peri-urban Malawi. PLOS Water, 2(10), e0000171.

Smith, T., Holm, R. H., Biddle, D. J., Cai, L., Talley, D., & Zhang, C. (2023, November). Wastewater-based epidemiology exposome: Mapping increased places of concern for metals exposure. In SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting. SETAC.

Sokoloski, K. J., Holm, R. H., Smith, M., Ford, E. E., Rouchka, E. C., & Smith, T. (2023). What is the functional reach of wastewater surveillance for respiratory viruses, pathogenic viruses of concern, and bacterial antibiotic resistance genes of interest?. Human Genomics, 17(1), 114.

Yeager, R., Browning, M. H., Breyer, E., Ossola, A., Larson, L. R., Riggs, D. W., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2023). Greenness and equity: Complex connections between intra-neighborhood contexts and residential tree planting implementation. Environment international, 176, 107955.

Yeager, R. A., Browning, M. H., Ossola, A., Larson, L., Breyer, E., Riggs, D., ... & Keith, R. (2023). Complex relationships between socioeconomic status, neighborhood greenness, and implementation of a neighborhood tree planting intervention. AGU23.

2022

Chunga, B. A., Mkwambisi, D., Workman, C. L., de los Reyes III, F. L., & Holm, R. H. (2022). Educating sanitation professionals: moving from STEM to specialist training in higher education in Malawi.

Cicha, M., Loehr, M., Turner, J. R., Fleischer, D., Bucknum, B., Bhatnagar, A., ... & Yeager, R. A. (2022, December). Frequency-specific Noise Reduction by an Installed Vegetation Belt along a Roadway. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2022, pp. SY32B-0631).

Diamond, M. B., Keshaviah, A., Bento, A. I., Conroy-Ben, O., Driver, E. M., Ensor, K. B., ... & Scarpino, S. V. (2022). Wastewater surveillance of pathogens can inform public health responses. Nature Medicine, 28(10), 1992-1995.

Faleye, T. O., Driver, E. M., Bowes, D. A., Holm, R. H., Talley, D., Yeager, R., ... & Scotch, M. (2022). Detection of human, porcine and canine picornaviruses in municipal sewage sludge using pan-enterovirus amplicon-based long-read Illumina sequencing. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 11(1), 1339-1342.

Hassard, F., Smith, T. R., Boehm, A. B., Nolan, S., O'Mara, O., Di Cesare, M., & Graham, D. (2022). Wastewater surveillance for rapid identification of infectious diseases in prisons. The Lancet Microbe, 3(8), e556-e557.

Holm, R. H., Brick, J. M., Amraotkar, A. R., Hart, J. L., Mukherjee, A., Zeigler, J., ... & Smith, T. (2022). Public awareness of and support for the use of wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A community survey in Louisville, Kentucky. Acs Es&T Water, 2(11), 1891-1898.

Holm, R. H., Mukherjee, A., Rai, J. P., Yeager, R. A., Talley, D., Rai, S. N., ... & Smith, T. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 RNA abundance in wastewater as a function of distinct urban sewershed size. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 8(4), 807-819.

Holm, R. H., Nagarkar, M., Yeager, R. A., Talley, D., Chaney, A. C., Rai, J. P., ... & Smith, T. (2022). Surveillance of RNase P, PMMoV, and CrAssphage in wastewater as indicators of human fecal concentration across urban sewer neighborhoods, Kentucky. FEMS microbes, 3, xtac003.

Holm, R. H., Tembo, M., Kasulo, V., Gavanala, M. B., & Chilongo, L. (2022). Institutional, technical and financial sustainability of rural piped drinking water supply on a freshwater island: Case study of Likoma Island, Malawi. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 27(2), e12403.

Kanneganti, D., Reinersman, L. E., Holm, R. H., & Smith, T. (2022). Estimating sewage flow rate in Jefferson County, Kentucky, using machine learning for wastewater-based epidemiology applications. Water Supply, 22(12), 8434-8439.

Kumar, R., Adhikari, S., Driver, E. M., Smith, T., Bhatnagar, A., Lorkiewicz, P. K., ... & Halden, R. U. (2022). Towards a novel application of wastewater-based epidemiology in population-wide assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds. Science of The Total Environment, 845, 157008.

LaJoie, A. S., Holm, R. H., Anderson, L. B., Ness, H. D., & Smith, T. (2022). Nationwide public perceptions regarding the acceptance of using wastewater for community health monitoring in the United States. Plos one, 17(10), e0275075.

LaJoie, A. S., Holm, R. H., Anderson, L. B., Ness, H. D., & Smith, T. (2022). Survey of nationwide public perceptions regarding acceptance of wastewater used for community health monitoring in the United States. medRxiv, 2022-03.

Lin, N. J., Lin, N. J., Servetas, S. L., Jackson, S. A., Lippa, K. A., Parratt, K. H., ... & Wright, S. (2022). Report on the DHS/NIST Workshop on Standards for an Enduring Capability in Wastewater Surveillance for Public Health (SWWS Workshop). US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Loehr, M., Turner, J. R., Yeager, R. A., Bhatnagar, A., & Smith, T. (2022, December). Within-Neighborhood Spatiotemporal Variability in Environmental Noise. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2022, pp. SY32B-0630).

McLeish, A. C., Smith, T., Riggs, D. W., Hart, J. L., Walker, K. L., Keith, R. J., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2022). Community‐based evaluation of the associations between well‐being and cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American Heart Association, 11(22), e027095.

Morrill, J., Qirko, K., Kelly, J., Ambrosy, A., Toro, B., Smith, T., ... & Swaminathan, S. (2022). A machine learning methodology for identification and triage of heart failure exacerbations. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 15(1), 103-115.

Servetas, S. L., Parratt, K. H., Brinkman, N. E., Shanks, O. C., Smith, T., Mattson, P. J., & Lin, N. J. (2022). Standards to support an enduring capability in wastewater surveillance for public health: Where are we?. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 6, 100247.

Smith, T. (2022, March). Variability of RNase P, PMMoV and CrAssphage concentration in wastewater across distinct urban sewershed scales, Kentucky, USA. In Public Health and Water Conference 2022. Water Environment Federation.

Smith, T. (2022, March). Wastewater disease surveillance in distinct urban sewershed scales, Louisville, KY. In Public Health and Water Conference 2022. Water Environment Federation.

Smith, T., Holm, R. H., Keith, R. J., Amraotkar, A. R., Alvarado, C. R., Banecki, K., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2022). Quantifying the relationship between sub-population wastewater samples and community-wide SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Science of the Total Environment, 853, 158567.

Smith, T., Holm, R. H., Yeager, R., Moore IV, J. B., Rouchka, E. C., Sokoloski, K. J., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2022). Combining community wastewater genomic surveillance with state clinical surveillance: A framework for SARS-CoV-2 public health practice. Food and Environmental Virology, 14(4), 410-416.

Su, J. G., Barrett, M. A., Combs, V., Henderson, K., Van Sickle, D., Hogg, C., ... & Jerrett, M. (2022). Identifying impacts of air pollution on subacute asthma symptoms using digital medication sensors. International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(1), 213-224.

Westcott, C. E., Sokoloski, K. J., Rouchka, E. C., Chariker, J. H., Holm, R. H., Yeager, R. A., ... & Smith, T. (2022). The detection of periodic reemergence events of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain in communities dominated by Omicron. Pathogens, 11(11), 1249.

Yeager, R., Riggs, D., DeJarnett, N., Keith, R., Kehrt, J., Uppal, A., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2022, September). Associations between greenness and hemodynamic markers at varied spatial scales and metrics of greenness. In ISEE Conference Abstracts (Vol. 2022, No. 1).

2021

Capone, D., Chigwechokha, P., de Los Reyes III, F. L., Holm, R. H., Risk, B. B., Tilley, E., & Brown, J. (2021). Impact of sampling depth on pathogen detection in pit latrines. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 15(3), e0009176.

Fontenele, R. S., Kraberger, S., Hadfield, J., Driver, E. M., Bowes, D., Holland, L. A., ... & Varsani, A. (2021). High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants. Water Research, 205, 117710.

Fuqua, J. L., Rouchka, E. C., Waigel, S., Sokoloski, K., Chung, D., Zacharias, W., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2021). A rapid assessment of wastewater for genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants at sewershed scale in Louisville, KY. medRxiv.

Holm, R. H., Brick, J. M., Amraotkar, A. R., Hart, J. L., Mukherjee, A., Zeigler, J., ... & Smith, T. (2022). Public awareness of and support for the use of wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A community survey in Louisville, Kentucky. Acs Es&T Water, 2(11), 1891-1898.

Kaplin, A., Junker, C., Kumar, A., Ribeiro, M. A., Yu, E., Wang, M., ... & Bhatnagar, A. (2021). Evidence and magnitude of the effects of meteorological changes on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. PloS one, 16(2), e0246167.

McClary-Gutierrez, J. S., Aanderud, Z. T., Al-Faliti, M., Duvallet, C., Gonzalez, R., Guzman, J., ... & Vela, J. D. (2021). Standardizing data reporting in the research community to enhance the utility of open data for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 7(9), 1545-1551.

Pfeiffer, J. A., Hart, J. L., Wood, L. A., Bhatnagar, A., Keith, R. J., Yeager, R. A., ... & Walker, K. L. (2021). The importance of urban planning: Views of greenness and open space is reversely associated with self-reported views and depressive symptoms. Population medicine, 3.

Rouchka, E. C., Chariker, J. H., Saurabh, K., Waigel, S., Zacharias, W., Zhang, M., ... & Smith, T. (2021). The rapid assessment of aggregated wastewater samples for genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 on a city-wide scale. Pathogens, 10(10), 1271.

Smith, T., Cassell, G., & Bhatnagar, A. (2021, January). Wastewater surveillance can have a second act in COVID-19 vaccine distribution. In JAMA Health Forum (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. e201616-e201616). American Medical Association.

Wood, L. A., Tomlinson, M. M., Pfeiffer, J. A., Walker, K. L., Keith, R. J., Smith, T., ... & Hart, J. L. (2021). Time spent outdoors and sleep normality: A preliminary investigation. Population medicine, 3.

Yeager, R., Holm, R., Saurabh, K., Fuqua, J., Talley, D., Bhatnagar, A., & Smith, T. (2021, December). Sample Site Selection of Urban Wastewater Networks for Public Health Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2021, pp. H32J-09).

Yeager, R., Holm, R. H., Saurabh, K., Fuqua, J. L., Talley, D., Bhatnagar, A., & Smith, T. (2021). Wastewater Sample Site Selection to Estimate Geographically Resolved Community Prevalence of COVID‐19: A Sampling Protocol Perspective. GeoHealth, 5(7), e2021GH000420.

Yeager, R., Uppal, A., Riggs, D. W., Keith, R. J., Smith, T. R., & Bhatnagar, A. (2021, August). Exploring the Nature of Associations Between SES and Greenness in the Green Heart Louisville Study. In ISEE Conference Abstracts (Vol. 2021, No. 1).

2020

Baba, S., Smith, T., Hellmann, J., Bhatnagar, A., Carter, K., Vanhoover, A., & Caruso, J. (2020). Space flight diet-induced deficiency and response to gravity-free resistive exercise. Nutrients, 12(8), 2400.

Casey, J. A., Su, J. G., Henneman, L. R., Zigler, C., Neophytou, A. M., Catalano, R., ... & Barrett, M. A. (2020). Coal-fired power plant closures and retrofits reduce asthma morbidity in the local population. Nature Energy, 5(5), 365-366.

Casey, J. A., Su, J. G., Henneman, L. R., Zigler, C., Neophytou, A. M., Catalano, R., ... & Barrett, M. A. (2020). Improved asthma outcomes observed in the vicinity of coal power plant retirement, retrofit and conversion to natural gas. Nature energy, 5(5), 398-408.

Kaplin, A. I., Junker, C., Kumar, A., de Amorim Ribeiro, M. A., Yu, E., Wang, M., ... & Bhatnager, A. (2020). Evidence and magnitude of seasonality in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: Penny wise, pandemic foolish?(preprint).

Kumar, A., Wang, M., Riehm, A., Yu, E., Smith, T., & Kaplin, A. (2020). An automated mobile mood tracking technology (mood 24/7): validation study. JMIR Mental Health, 7(5), e16237.

Smith, T., Cassell, G., & Bhatnagar, A. (2021, January). Wastewater surveillance can have a second act in COVID-19 vaccine distribution. In JAMA Health Forum (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. e201616-e201616). American Medical Association.

Swaminathan, S., Morrill, J., Qirko, K., Smith, T., Wysham, N., & Toro, B. (2020). A patient feedback driven, stacked machine-learning approach to at-home COPD triage.

Yeager, R. A., Smith, T. R., & Bhatnagar, A. (2020). Green environments and cardiovascular health. Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 30(4), 241-246.

2019

Cawood, A. L., Walters, E. R., Smith, T. R., Sipaul, R., & Stratton, R. J. (2019). Oral Nutritional Supplements used in the community reduce complications: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 29, 252-253.

Smith, T. R., & Bhatnagar, A. (2019). Enviromics: understanding aging. Aging (Albany NY), 11(1), 9.

Smith, T., Mattingly, T. J., & Slabaugh, L. (2019, December). Improving health determinants outside of the clinic does not mean outside of clinical science. In Healthcare (Vol. 7, No. 4). Elsevier.

Swaminathan, S., Gerber, A., Qirko, K., Wysham, N., Corcoran, E., & Smith, T. (2019). A digital therapy for proactively managing exacerbations and delivering therapeutic benefit to patients with moderate to severe asthma.

Swaminathan, S., Qirko, K., Wysham, N., Corcoran, E., Smith, T., & Gerber, A. N. (2019). A Therapeutic Machine-Learned Triage Methodology for Moderate to Severe Asthmatics. Available at SSRN 3327368.