What Is Title IX?
Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972 is intended to provide both sexes with equal opportunity to all aspects of education, including athletics, at institutions receiving federal funds. Compliance with Title IX is measured in three ways: 1) whether the numbers of male and female athletes are substantially proportional, 2) whether the institution has a continuing history of expansion of opportunities for the under-represented sex, and 3) whether the interest and abilities of the under-represented sex are being met.

In the last half-dozen years, "substantial proportionality" has been the primary test used to judge an institution’s compliance. Loosely defined, the term indicates that the proportion of female athletes at an institution is within five percentage points of the proportion of female undergraduates.

(The Chronicle of Higher Education)

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